Manejo de Excepciones

An exception is an object that represents some kind of exceptional condition; it indicates that something has gone wrong. This could be a programming error—attempting to divide by zero, attempting to invoke a method on an object that does not define the method, or passing an invalid argument to a method. Or it could be the result from some kind of external condition—making a network request when the network is down, or trying to create an object when the system is out of memory.

When one of these errors or conditions occurs, an exception is raised (or thrown). By default, Ruby programs terminate when an exception occurs. But it is possible to declare exception handlers. An exception handler is a block of code that is executed if an exception occurs during the execution of some other block of code. In this sense, exceptions are a kind of control statement. Raising an exception transfers the flow-of-control to exception handling code. This is like using the break statement to exit from a loop. As we’ll see, though, exceptions are quite different from the break statement; they may transfer control out of many enclosing blocks and even up the call stack in order to reach the exception handler.

Ruby uses the Kernel method raise to raise exceptions, and uses a rescue clause to handle exceptions. Exceptions raised by raise are instances of the Exception class or one of its many subclasses. The throw and catch methods described earlier in this chapter are not intended to signal and handle exceptions, but a symbol thrown by throw propagates in the same way that an exception raised by raise does. Exception objects, exception propagation, the raise method, and the rescue clause are described in detail in the subsections that follow.

• Ruby Exceptions en rubylearning.com