Ejemplo Simple Combinando Rack::Request, Rack::Response y Middleware (Lobster)

Este código se encuentra en https://github.com/crguezl/rack-lobster

[~/local/src/ruby/sinatra/rack/rack-lobster(master)]$ cat lobster.rb 
require 'rack/request'
require 'rack/response'

module Rack
  class Lobster
    LobsterString = "a lobster"

    def call(env)
      req = Request.new(env)

      req.env.keys.sort.each { |x| puts "#{x} => #{req.env[x]}" }

      if req.GET["flip"] == "left"
        lobster = LobsterString.reverse
        href = "?flip=right"
      elsif req.GET["flip"] == "crash"
        raise "Lobster crashed"
      else
        lobster = LobsterString
        href = "?flip=left"
      end

      res = Response.new
      res.write <<-"EOS"
      <title>Lobstericious!</title>
      <pre>
      #{lobster}
      </pre>
      <p><a href='#{href}'>flip!</a></p>
      <p><a href='?flip=crash'>crash!</a></p>
      EOS
      res.finish
    end
  end
end

if $0 == __FILE__
  require 'rack'
  require 'rack/showexceptions'
  Rack::Server.start(
    :app => Rack::ShowExceptions.new(
              Rack::Lint.new(
                Rack::Lobster.new)), 
    :Port => 9292,
    :server => 'thin'
  )
end

Véase:

1. rack/lib/rack/showexceptions.rb

   (Rack::ShowExceptions catches all exceptions raised from the app it wraps. It shows a useful backtrace with the sourcefile and clickable context, the whole Rack environment and the request data.

   Be careful when you use this on public-facing sites as it could reveal information helpful to attackers)

2. rack/lib/rack/lint.rb en GitHub

   (Rack::Lint validates your application and the requests and responses according to the Rack spec)

Tanto Rack::ShowExceptions como Rack::Lint disponen de un método call que recibe una variable env describiendo el entorno CGI. Esto es, se trata de aplicaciones que siguen el protocolo Rack. Así este código:

  Rack::Server.start(
    :app => Rack::ShowExceptions.new(
              Rack::Lint.new(
                Rack::Lobster.new)), 
    :Port => 9292,
    :server => 'thin'
  )

construye una nueva objeto/aplicación Rack que es la composición de los tres Racks.

[~/local/src/ruby/sinatra/rack/rack-lobster(master)]$ cat Rakefile 
desc "run the server"
task :default do
  sh "ruby lobster.rb"
end

desc "run the client flip left"
task :left do
  sh %q{curl -v 'http://localhost:9292?flip=left'}
end

desc "run the client flip right"
task :right do
  sh %q{curl -v 'http://localhost:9292?flip=right'}
end

desc "run the client. Generate exception"
task :crash do
  sh %q{curl -v 'http://localhost:9292/?flip=crash'}
end

[~/local/src/ruby/sinatra/rack/rack-lobster(master)]$ rake left
curl -v 'http://localhost:9292?flip=left'
* About to connect() to localhost port 9292 (#0)
*   Trying ::1... Connection refused
*   Trying 127.0.0.1... connected
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 9292 (#0)
> GET /?flip=left HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.21.4 (universal-apple-darwin11.0) libcurl/7.21.4 OpenSSL/0.9.8y zlib/1.2.5
> Host: localhost:9292
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Length: 168
< Connection: keep-alive
< Server: thin 1.5.1 codename Straight Razor
< 
      <title>Lobstericious!</title>
      <pre>
      retsbol a
      </pre>
      <p><a href='?flip=right'>flip!</a></p>
      <p><a href='?flip=crash'>crash!</a></p>
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
* Closing connection #0

[~/local/src/ruby/sinatra/rack/rack-lobster(master)]$ rake right
curl -v 'http://localhost:9292?flip=right'
* About to connect() to localhost port 9292 (#0)
*   Trying ::1... Connection refused
*   Trying 127.0.0.1... connected
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 9292 (#0)
> GET /?flip=right HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.21.4 (universal-apple-darwin11.0) libcurl/7.21.4 OpenSSL/0.9.8y zlib/1.2.5
> Host: localhost:9292
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Length: 167
< Connection: keep-alive
< Server: thin 1.5.1 codename Straight Razor
< 
      <title>Lobstericious!</title>
      <pre>
      a lobster
      </pre>
      <p><a href='?flip=left'>flip!</a></p>
      <p><a href='?flip=crash'>crash!</a></p>
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
* Closing connection #0