Paradigmas de Programación

A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming, a way of building the structure and elements of computer programs.

Capabilities and styles of various programming languages are defined by their supported programming paradigms; some programming languages are designed to follow only one paradigm, while others support multiple paradigms. Programming paradigms that are often distinguished include

• imperative (Fortran, C)
• declarative (Prolog, SQL)
• functional (Haskell)
• object-oriented (Smalltalk, Ruby)
• logic (Prolog)

Programming paradigms can be compared with programming models that are abstractions of computer systems.

For example, the von Neumann model is a programming model used in traditional sequential computers. For parallel computing, there are many possible models typically reflecting different ways processors can be interconnected. The most common are based on shared memory, distributed memory with message passing, or a hybrid of the two.

Some programming language researchers criticise the notion of paradigms as a classification of programming languages. They argue that many programming languages cannot be strictly classified into one paradigm, but rather include features from several paradigms.

• Imperative programming is focused on describing how a program operates. It describes computation in terms of statements that change a program state.

• Object-oriented programming integrates code and data using the concept of an "object". An object has both state (data) and behavior (code).

• Declarative programming is a style of programming in which programs describe their desired results without explicitly listing commands or steps that must be performed.
• Logic programming is a programming paradigm based on formal logic